Need Help With These Two Questions

If you have any tips for assertion-reason questions, help.

https://preview.redd.it/71cesxntz3he1.png?width=1229&format=png&auto=webp&s=02641308777f99ad2f59e1b618df23c5708832bc

https://preview.redd.it/biazlqorz3he1.png?width=1196&format=png&auto=webp&s=2e345c67ff9c11ed2dda5707d6206282c17cc3a9